Bright And Bold Hungarian Embroidery
Being of Hungarian descent I have a fascination with the folk art and culture of the Magyars. Enjoy the beauty of it with me in these hubs.
Simple Objects Bring A Bright Spot To Daily Life
Top of box embroidered with typical tulip and rose pattern
gracefulfig.com
Folklore Stitchery
Embroidery embellished fabrics are considered one of the oldest folk arts. Hungarians have been known to love the decorative value of needlework from long ago in their history, filling their homes, linens, and clothing with color and pattern. Eventually the decorations spilled onto pottery, buildings, gates and furnishings.
Early historians reported on these people who came pouring into the place that they would make their homeland:
from times before the Magyars came to the Carpathian Basin - it has been written, that the Hungarians liked to dress in richly decorated and embroidered clothing and their surroundings were pompous. ~Emese Kerkay
This textile craft roots deep into the culture of Hungary, and takes on the unique characteristics of the people who created it.
- Discover the colors, motifs, and methods of this world renowned craft.
- Perhaps make a fabric item in the Magyar style.
- Learn a bit about the background of the people who created a textile craft that has stood out for centuries.
There is always a strong folkloric look to these crafts. Even when more delicate materials were introduced, the Magyar needlewomen preferred their own style and stitches.
Start With The Design
What makes the stylistic character of Hungarian Embroidery?
Using time honored figures and colors, there is a recognizable quality to each item. Expert embroiderers often hand draw the design according to traditional motifs, then embroider in an array of colors.
Making a Kalocsa Design
"Writing woman" painting a design for embroiderers
The Language of Color
Color can mean several things in the embroideries: symbolic of emotions, indicative of a certain region, even the age of the wearer.
Red Traditionally Held Primary Place
The earliest embroideries and hand-woven fabrics are decorated with red. It is the color favored by brides and young women.
Color In Old Hungarian Embroidery Work
First Whitework, Then Red or Blue, Finally A Color Explosion!
At first, an all-white palette was used to decorate household linens, etc. This style is still used today, but it is not as popular, nor seen as often, as the more colorful samples.
Usually the pattern in antique pieces is limited to two or at the most three colors. A deep blue or a shade of red called "Turkey red" were most often used, along with a natural ochre yellow.
Turkey red is a vivid dark red made by a process that originated in Turkey or India.
At the end of the nineteenth century threads of many colors became available until today's Kalocsa-style pieces can have as many as 22 colors.
Black and Red Wool
Stitched in geometric patterns, this common color combination, worked with wool on homespun, is common throughout the Eastern European region. It makes a very striking color combination and is used on doilies, table covers, and many practical household pieces.
It is still very popular.
Color By Region
Besides styling or motifs chosen, a region often has distinctive colors that identify its particular needlework. Even those with religious differences choose their own colors: blue and yellow for Catholics and red for Calvinists.
A Sampling Of Regional Color
- Kalotaszeg, mostly reds
- Jászság, greens
- Hajdúság, black
You can see that if a study is made of traditional patterns, much information about who was wearing it, and who made the item can be gleaned from some of these customs.
Red On Linen Showing Several Types Of Stitches
Linen embroidery circa 1882
The dictionary of needlework
Blue Imported With The Swabians
When the German settlers came into Hungary, their preferences in embroidery colors came with them. Swabians favored blue and white for their designs.
Samples of Regional Motifs
A Folklore Fantasia
A mix of regional styles, each one with its own characteristics, still manages to project a recognizable identity that is "Hungarian". Like their costumes, the people of a geographical area created a brand of color and design that stands out and marks their needlework clearly in a tribal way.
Everyone Loves The Kalocsa Look
Example of needlework from the Kalocsa region, it is just one of the Hungarian styles of hand embroidery.
Planning A Design With Motifs
If there is one thing that stands out, it is the Magyar love of flowers. Yes, you can find birds, the occasional deer, leaves and swirls, but it is the burst of flowers that signifies the Hungarian folk patterns most of all. Of those, I think it is something of a draw between the tulip and the rose.
Both are beloved in the colorful embroideries found throughout the clothing and household items.
Who Makes The Designs?
Most regions had stock motives that were combined to create the designs to the taste of the creator, this included colors and techniques that combined lacey borders or specific stitches. Handed down from generation to generation, retaining strongly identifiable design.
Not Always Women
Although in the last century or so this has been an art created by women, it wasn't always a gender isolated craft.
Many men were employed in the embroidering of leather goods during the time when heavily decorated capes called szür were in vogue. They were so highly prized that some resorted to thievery to obtain one, according to some sources. They were popular!
In earlier times men artisans predominated when there was economic status involved, but women did all the embroidered goods that decorated the home and clothing.
The clothing of the men were sometimes covered with as many Matyo roses as the women's.
Iróasszonyok
For the region of Kalocsa, in particular, certain specialized female artists create today's designs.
Women who become expert in embroidery work learn many basic patterns. Their creative process of making pleasing patterns often earns them the place of becoming "drawing women". They draw free hand patterns on items that are then embroidered by others who have mastered the techniques of stitching, but aren't as capable in putting together the overall designs.
These drawing (or writing) women have such a grasp of their medium that they can instantly know just how to fill the space of an item with the most pleasing combination of flowers, leaves, animals, and polka dots. Coming up with original variations on venerable styles of embroidery patterns, they bring a fresh look that is becoming ever more bold in color and form.
Pattern books have long provided guidance, too
Especially in the last century or so, patterns have been recorded in tutorial books. Pages are sometimes available in modern pattern books, online in blogs, and in from museum sites.
Characteristic Stitches Create The Look
Like a painter's medium, the thread, its type and thickness, the effect of the way the thread is laid onto the fabric creates the final picture.
An Unusual Figure
"little dog" motif, which looks more like a bird to me.
Sampler Of Stitches Used
| Satin Stitch | Stem Stitch | Cross Stitch |
|---|---|---|
Knotted Bullion | Buttonhole | Oblique Cross |
Diamond Stitch | Ground Stitch | Chain |
Brick | Matyó Figure-8 | Braided Chain |
Transylvania Pillow Cover
Modern Folk design
Hungarianfolkart.com
Hungarian Embroidery Stitches
- Hungarian Sampler Part 9: Matyó rose from Northern Hungary - Kate & Rose Patterns
This is the ninth and last part of the Hungarian Sampler series, in which we embroider a traditional cabbage rose design from the Matyó region of Northern Hungary, using a slanted, fanned-out oblique satin stitch.
The Hungarian Braided Chain Stitch
Satin Stitch Tutorial
- Matyó rose from Northern Hungary | Kate & Rose
Hungarian Sampler Part Nine (the last): Clear directions on the unique way Matyó embroiderers tweaked the Satin stitch for their designs.
The Dictionary Of Needlework
To work: Trace a design consisting of small flowers and leaves upon a material, and place in a frame. Bring the needle up upon one side of traced flower or leaf, and put it down again on the opposite side, and in a slightly slanting direction; return it along the back of the material to the place it first came up at, and bring it out there, close to the last stitch on the right-hand side. Put it down close to where it went in in the last stitch and on the right-hand side, and continue
— Caulfeild, S. F. A. (Sophia Frances Anne), 1824-1911
...
Shade by working leaves or petals in different colours, not by blending colours in one leaf, and fasten off, and commence threads by running them in, so as to show neither at back nor front of work
— continued from above
Beautiful On Both Sides Of Work
A Living Art
Common types of embroidery work includes whitework, crewelwork, drawn thread work, appliqué, as well as the usual cross stitch and flat stitch work.
The art of Hungarian needlework is ever evolving, and the styles and designs are changing, moving further away from old restraints in color and pattern. There is also a decline in the number of women who take up the needle to make these age old crafts.
One thing that doesn't change is the appreciation for the skill and beauty that these textiles display.
Transylvanian Cape
Torocko costume
Alador Kriesch-Korosfoi
The Culture That Produced This Art
Who Were These People And Where Did They Come From?
Art has always been the domain of the self expression of the person, but it is also the expression of a society and at times has certain tribal aspects. Here is a little background on the country called Hungary, to identify some of the regional flavors of this fabric/textile art.
Note Decorations On Clothing
Painting from circa 1897 depicting the early tribesmen banding together to make early Hungary.
Bertalan Székely, artist, source: Wikipedia
A Little History And Geography
To pinpoint the places, and understand a bit about the regional development of styles, Here are a few facts about Hungary and its people.
Where Hungarian Embroidery Originates
Cultures Within Cultures
The history of Hungary made it something of a Goulash, if not a melting pot. At the edge of Europe, it was invaded and ruled by varying people and empires.
Magyars
These people are considered the "Hungarians" and swept in from the Asian steppes to settle Hungary at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries. It is their language which is spoken, and their aesthetic sense which informs the culture of the country.
Swabians
During the wars with the Ottomans a large portion of the Magyar population was wiped out, leading to the invitation to Germans from Swabia to come and settle. Still retaining their distinctiveness, the Swabians brought their influence to Hungary's foods, farming, and fabric crafts. They developed their own unique brand of architecture and style.
Other People And Tribes
As part of the Hapsburg Empire, there were many ethnic groups, including Slavic, which lived together in Hungary. Before the treaty of Trianon, the country was much larger and included present day Romania. Ethnic Hungarians still live in these nations, still practicing their crafts, singing their songs, and keeping their language alive.
Headwear
Traditional Hungarian headdress for women during the latter part of the 1800's. Heavily embroidered on both the hat and its streamers.
Free Bookmark Designs
- Hand Embroidery Pattern: Hungarian Flowerpot
Free designs for printing out a traditional pattern. The design prints out at 7″ tall, including the line border
Cross Stitch Designs
Comments
Virginia Allain from Central Florida on January 15, 2016:
These are delightful. Thanks for giving us so much background on this.
KonaGirl from New York on January 15, 2016:
Very interesting history behind the Hungarian embroidery techniques. I love to embroider and found many of the designs quite beautiful. I have always loved the white on white embroidery. the white on ivory and the white on linen. Even though you say it is not as popular today, I personally, think it carries an elegant, vintage appeal. I have pinned this hub to one of my embroidery boards: https://www.pinterest.com/konagirl/embroidery-desi...
Ilona E (author) from Ohio on January 14, 2016:
Thank you Audrey!
Audrey Howitt from California on January 14, 2016:
This is just gorgeous! Sharing this great hub!
