The Citric Acid Cycle converts glucose into ATP, the main energy source for bodily functions. Starting with glycolysis to produce pyruvic acid, which becomes Acetyl CoA, it generates ATP directly and through oxidative phosphorylation, turning one glucose molecule into 38 ATP molecules.
Sharp knives ensure efficiency, precision, and safety. High-quality knives stay sharp longer, but don't wait for them to dull before sharpening. While many prefer modern sharpeners, traditional tools like steel or carborundum stones are effective and reliable with practice.
Cribbage is a card game for two players, requiring a full pack of 52 cards. It can also be adapted for three, four, or five players. Score is kept on a special cribbage board consisting of four or six rows of 30 holes each, in which pegs are set.
Traits are essential elements that shape personality and culture, acting as fundamental threads within the human experience. They influence individual identities and societal norms, providing social scientists with key insights into understanding the complexities of human behavior.
Let's dive into the world of acoustics, a science that might sound a bit technical but is really all about the sounds we hear every day. Acoustics is the study that explores how sounds are made, how they travel through the air (or water), and what happens to them along the way.
Coffee is typically roasted in the country of consumption, often blended before roasting in metal cylinders heated by gas or oil. Medium roasts are popular in the U.S., with darker roasts favored in Europe.
This game is hardly suitable for the average living room, but can be played in basements, recreation rooms and the like. Choose two teams, the same as you would for a sand lot baseball game. In order to play the game properly you must have at least...
Tenpin bowling involves players aiming to knock down 10 pins at the end of a lane using a ball with three finger holes. The game consists of 10 frames, with strikes and spares adding bonus points. A perfect game scores 300 points from 12 consecutive strikes.
Every person has five important senses, which are rather like five different gates to a city, through which·messengers can come bringing news of what is going on in the outside world; for that is what our senses do-we see what is going on around us...
Hurdy-gurdy, musical instrument, bowed with a rosined, wooden wheel. Originally, like the 10th century organisrrum, a two-man instrument, one turning the wheel and the other operating the keys which stopped the strings. It was improved by the 13th...
Herpetology is the study of reptiles and amphibians. The reptile group includes turtles, crocodilians, rhynchocephalians, lizards, and snakes. The amphibian group includes frogs and toads, salamanders, and caecilians. Herpetologists may choose to...
Tattoos are definitely an expression of a persons personality. Or the way they want others to perceive them. Some look all serious, others make you laugh. Sometimes not intentionally. The ones that are obviously funny tattoos make me wonder...
Crows, part of the Corvidae family, are intelligent black birds found across various habitats except in South America, New Zealand, and most Pacific islands. They're known for their adaptability, gregarious behavior, and diverse diet, often including carrion, insects, seeds, and even eggs.
Anemometer is an instrument using rotating cups, vanes, or propellers to measure the speed or force of the wind; wind or weather vanes indicate the direction from which the wind comes.
Lemurs, native to Madagascar, are diverse primates ranging from the iconic ring-tailed lemur to the unique aye-aye and the majestic indri. Their adaptations offer insights into primate evolution, emphasizing conservation of Madagascar's biodiversity.
Bowling is a widely enjoyed indoor sport where players roll a ball down a lane to knock over pins, using various techniques for scoring points through strikes and spares in ten-frame games.
Block printing is a process of transferring an inked image from a surface cut in relief to paper, fabric, or other material. The printing block is often of wood (sometimes of linoleum or a similar substance), and the ink is a paste or liquid...
Headphones transform personal audio with styles from monaural to binaural, utilizing transducers for clear sound. Essential for entertainment, learning, and work, they've evolved into stylish, indispensable tools in our digital world.
Here's what experts will tell you about laying bricks. This article covers brick types, laying patterns (bonds), sizes, and more.
Gouache, in art, is a form of water-color using opaque pigment rather than the more traditional transparent (aquarelle) technique. The pigments employed are essentially the same as those for transparent watercolor (finely ground powdered pigment,...
Few instruments in the history of the world have played a more important part than the goose quill pen. Early mankind's written communications were mostly stylus inscriptions on clay or waxed tablets, reed writing on papyrus or parchment, and...
The ancient Chinese and Japanese concept of yin and yang represents opposing yet complementary forces that are believed to make up the universe, emphasizing the importance of balance for harmony in the natural world, human well-being, and societal stability.
Plagiarism is the reproduction, in whole or essential part, of a manifestation of intellectual endeavor - such as a book, a statue, or a symphony - by someone who holds themself as its creator, but is not.
A periscope is an optical instrument for viewing objects that are not directly in the observer's line of sight. Periscopes in submarines enable crew members to see above the water without bringing the submarine to the surface. The periscope on an...
Technically speaking, a microphone is a device that changes sound energy into electrical energy and, though relatively simple, forms the basis of all voice communication, enabling sound to be transmitted and recorded by electronic means. There are...
Scissors and shears are cutting instruments that operate by the action of the opposed edges of two blades. The blades, usually made of steel, are joined by a pivot pin or screw. There are handles at the ends of the blades. Scissors differ from...
A desk is a piece of furniture of table or cabinet form that is used primarily for writing or reading. The earliest desk was probably a box that had a sloping lid for writing, under which there was storage space for writing materials.
The custom of wearing a distinctive dress for academic ceremonies goes back to the Middle Ages, when people dressed in keeping with their class: nobility, clergy, or third estate. The clergy were the literate class; hence early academic costume was...
A Columnist is the writer or editor of a column: a regular newspaper feature, usually with fixed title, style, and format, and with content ranging from Hollywood gossip to political opinion. The columnist, often nationally syndicated, is...
The Ashes is a 'trophy' for which England and Australia compete in Test match cricket. Its origin goes back to 1882 when Australia beat England at the Oval and the Sporting Times published a mock obituary notice: 'In affectionate remembrance of...
Louis Braille was the inventor of the Braille system of reading for the sightless, who was himself blinded at the age of three. While a scholar, and later a teacher, at the Institute of Blind Youth in Paris, Braille developed a system of embossed dots to enable the blind to read by touch. This was...
The Bunsen burner, invented in 1855 by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen for cleaner laboratory experiments, revolutionized scientific practices with its efficient, soot-free flame, enabling precise control over heat for a wide range of applications, from education to industrial processes.
The catamaran, originating from the Tamil term for "tying trees together," features two hulls linked by crosspieces, propelled by sails or engines. Evolving from ancient Polynesian vessels like praus, modern designs vary from asymmetrical to identical hulls, showcasing diverse engineering.
Kendo is a ritualized form of Japanese sword-fighting derived from ancient combat skills. It is now a competitive sport for men and women. Kendo means the way (do) of the sword (ken). In kendo, the weapon is represented by a bamboo sword, shinai,...
Jujitsu is practiced by many persons as a means of self-defense. Soldiers may use jujitsu in training for hand-to-hand combat. Many women take jujitsu lessons to protect themselves against larger adversaries. In the photos above a college student throws her instructor, who outweighs her by more...
Karate is a generic term for a group of Asian fighting methods in which hand and foot blows are the principal techniques. Men, women, and kids throughout the world participate in karate for exercise, in competition, and for self-defense.
Judo is a sport that was derived from Asian combat skills. The name comes from the Japanese words ju (gentle, soft, or easy) and do (way). Today, judo is generally understood to designate a modern sport, in which throwing and grappling are the...
Candy is a popular sweet treat primarily made from sugar, often enriched with additional ingredients like milk, cream, fruits, nuts, and various flavorings.
Bricks and tiles are construction materials usually made by mixing finely ground clay or shale with water and firing, or baking, the mixture. Tiles are made of the same clay or shale as bricks and are formed into relatively thin sheets, tubes, or hollow blocks.
All welders are well aware of the risks involved in looking at a welding arc without protective eye wear, but even so, they sometimes take short cuts, or forget the rules of their trade and develop so-called flash burns to the eye. Other workers in...
Tragicomedy is a form of drama that combines tragic and comic elements. Although comic elements may be seen in some ancient Greek tragedies, they are generally incidental to the tragic action. The Roman dramatist Plautus, in the prologue to...
Trailer, any wheeled vehicle incapable of independent locomotion, designed to be towed. Truck trailers have long played a key role in transportation. Horse trailers and small box trailers have played a lesser role. Specialized trailers for boats have been common since the 1940's. Two other types of...
Pigs are any of several mammals in the family Suidae of the order Artiodactyla, the even-toed hoofed mammals. Pigs have four toes, but only two bear the weight of the animal. They are omnivorous, with a simple stomach, and do not chew the cud....
Here's a brief history of the White House and a description of its most famous rooms.
Nails, used since ancient times, are still the fasteners most commonly used for joining wood, especially in building wood-frame houses. More than 60,000 nails may be used in a five-room house.
Ventriloquism, deriving its name from the Latin for "belly," is the skill of speaking without moving the lips, making the voice seem to come from elsewhere, despite being produced normally with slight modifications.
Capuchins are smart, social monkeys from South America, living in groups and known for using tools. They eat fruits, leaves, and small animals, thriving in forests from Costa Rica to Paraguay.
Poop, also termed stools or feces, represents the solid waste expelled from the bowel during digestion, often referred to as "motions," with its characteristics and frequency crucial for assessing digestive health.
Pencil an instrument, containing graphite, that is used for writing and drawing. The most common type of pencil consists of a thin cylinder of graphite and clay contained in a sheath of wood. Another kind of pencil is the mechanical pencil, which dispenses inserts of graphite, called leads.
A vending machine is a coin operated device that dispenses a product or a packaged article.
An oyster is a marine mollusk with a rough, irregular shell, living in brackish and saltwater environments, known for filtering water and sometimes producing pearls.
Flounder, also called fluke, any of two groups of flattened fishes with both eyes on either the right or the left side of the head. Flounders are found in nearly all parts of the world, usually in shallow to moderately deep salt water. They range in...
If idleness can be judged by the speed at which an animal moves, then the world idleness champion is the sloth. Never was an animal so aptly named.